` as JSON: airport (name, IATA/ICAO, timezone), delay statistics (live index, yesterday/today/tomorrow totals, delayed, cancelled) and 100 flights per page with flight number, callsign, scheduled and estimated/actual time (unix), status, other airport, airline, aircraft type, registration, gate, runway, codeshares. - **More board pages** = the page's own "Earlier flights" / "Later flights" links (`?date=&page=-1|2...`). The block follows the hrefs it finds; it never builds them. Logged out, the chain ends about 12 h before and 12 h after the moment you load it (LHR at 23:49 UTC: 4 earlier pages back to -12.0 h, 2 later pages to +11.9 h); the last page says "To get more than 12 hours of arrivals, please create a free account". - **Flight-number history** (`/data/flights/`) and **registration history** (`/data/aircraft/`): legacy server-rendered tables (`table#tbl-datatable`). Every time cell carries `data-timestamp` (UTC) and `data-offset` (seconds), so the block returns exact local ISO times. Logged out: the last 7 days plus scheduled days ahead (the page says so). - **Stops on the first block.** Any 403/429 or a challenge title raises `Blocked`; the run ends there. ## What works: two boards, flight history and aircraft history in one run Self-contained; opens one background tab and closes it; 9 page loads (robots.txt, 2 per board, flight, aircraft, 2 not-found checks), each after `about:blank` and a 3 s pause. About 45 s in a cloud browser. ```python import json, re, time from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo BASE = "https://www.flightradar24.com" PACE_S = 3 # pause between page loads # Ad hosts. With ads on, the first authoring tab stalled Runtime.evaluate past 5 s and the daemon died; # with these blocked, every load after that finished in a few seconds. The data is server-rendered, so nothing is lost. AD_BLOCK = ["*doubleclick.net*", "*googlesyndication.com*", "*aditude*", "*prebid*", "*amazon-adsystem.com*"] class Blocked(Exception): """403/429 or a challenge page. Stop the run; do not retry around it.""" def _ready(timeout=40): t0 = time.time() while time.time() - t0 < timeout: try: href = js("location.href.startsWith('https://www.flightradar24.com/') && document.readyState !== 'loading' ? location.href : ''") if href: return href except Exception: pass # a busy page can stall Runtime.evaluate for a few seconds time.sleep(0.5) raise RuntimeError(f"page did not load in {timeout}s") def _title(): # browser-harness prefixes the attached tab's title with a horse marker unless BH_TAB_MARKER=0 return re.sub(r"^\U0001F434\s*", "", js("document.title") or "") def _load(path): """Full page load of BASE + path in this tab. Returns the final URL. Raises Blocked on 403/429/challenge.""" if path != "/robots.txt" and not robots_allowed(path.split("?")[0]): raise PermissionError(f"robots.txt disallows {path}") cdp("Page.navigate", url="about:blank") time.sleep(PACE_S) cdp("Page.navigate", url=BASE + path) href = _ready() status = js("performance.getEntriesByType('navigation')[0]?.responseStatus || 0") title = _title() if status in (403, 429) or re.search(r"just a moment|attention required|access denied|captcha", title, re.I): raise Blocked(f"HTTP {status} '{title}' on {path}: stop, do not retry") return href def _robots_rules(): _load("/robots.txt") txt = js("document.body.innerText") if "User-agent" not in (txt or ""): raise RuntimeError("could not read robots.txt") rules, in_star, prev_ua = [], False, False for line in txt.splitlines(): line = line.split("#", 1)[0].strip() if ":" not in line: continue k, v = (x.strip() for x in line.split(":", 1)) k = k.lower() if k == "user-agent": in_star = (in_star and prev_ua) or v == "*" prev_ua = True continue prev_ua = False if in_star and k in ("allow", "disallow") and v: rules.append((k == "allow", v)) return rules def robots_allowed(path): """Google-style match for User-agent: *. Longest matching rule wins, Allow wins a tie.""" best, ok = -1, True for allow, pat in RULES: rx = re.escape(pat.rstrip("$")).replace(r"\*", ".*") + ("$" if pat.endswith("$") else "") if re.match(rx, path) and (len(pat) > best or (len(pat) == best and allow)): best, ok = len(pat), allow return ok # ---------- airport boards (new Inertia.js pages: data in

) ---------- def _props(): raw = js("document.getElementById('app')?.dataset.page || ''") return json.loads(raw) if raw else {} def _board_link(label): return js(f"[...document.querySelectorAll('main a')].filter(a => a.innerText.trim() === {json.dumps(label)}).map(a => a.getAttribute('href'))[0] || null") def _board_flight(f, tz): t = lambda s: datetime.fromtimestamp(s, tz).isoformat(timespec="minutes") if s else None e, st = f["endpoint"] or {}, f["status"] or {} return {"flight": f["flightNumber"], "callsign": f["callsign"], "airline": (f["airline"] or {}).get("name"), "other_airport": e.get("iata"), "other_city": e.get("city"), "scheduled": t(f["scheduledTime"]), "estimated": t(f["estimatedTime"]), "status": st.get("name"), "status_color": st.get("color"), "diverted_to": st.get("divertedToIata"), "type": (f["aircraft"] or {}).get("type"), "registration": (f["aircraft"] or {}).get("registration"), "gate": f["gate"], "runway": f["runway"], "codeshares": [c["flightNumber"] for c in f["codeshares"] or []], "live": f["live"], "fr24_id": f["flightId"]} def board(iata, kind="arrivals", earlier=0, later=0): """Airport arrivals/departures board. Follows the page's own 'Earlier flights' / 'Later flights' links up to `earlier` / `later` times (logged out, the whole board spans about 12 h each side of now). Times are airport-local ISO strings. Returns None if the airport page does not exist.""" assert kind in ("arrivals", "departures") _load(f"/data/airports/{iata.lower()}/{kind}") pg = _props() if pg.get("component") != "Data/AirportBoard": return None p = pg["props"] ap, tz = p["airport"], ZoneInfo(p["airport"]["timezone"]) raw = list(p["flights"]) first_earlier, first_later = _board_link("Earlier flights"), _board_link("Later flights") for href, n, label in ((first_earlier, earlier, "Earlier flights"), (first_later, later, "Later flights")): for _ in range(n): if not href: break _load(href) raw += _props()["props"]["flights"] href = _board_link(label) seen, flights = set(), [] for f in sorted(raw, key=lambda f: (f["scheduledTime"], f["id"])): if f["id"] not in seen: seen.add(f["id"]) flights.append(_board_flight(f, tz)) return {"airport": {k: ap[k] for k in ("name", "iata", "icao", "city", "countryName", "timezone")}, "board": kind, "stats": p["statistics"], "flights": flights} # ---------- flight-number and registration history (legacy pages: table#tbl-datatable) ---------- _ROWS_JS = r""" [...document.querySelectorAll('table#tbl-datatable tbody tr.data-row')].map(r => [...r.children].filter(td => td.classList.contains('hidden-xs')).map(td => { const a = td.querySelector('a[href^="/data/"]'), play = td.querySelector('[data-flight-hex], [data-flight]'); // textContent, not innerText: these desktop cells are display:none when the tab's viewport is narrow return {text: td.textContent.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim(), title: td.getAttribute('title'), prefix: td.getAttribute('data-prefix'), ts: td.getAttribute('data-timestamp'), off: td.getAttribute('data-offset'), href: a ? a.getAttribute('href') : null, link: a ? a.textContent.trim() : null, hex: play ? (play.getAttribute('data-flight-hex') || play.getAttribute('data-flight')) : null}; })) """ def _t(cell): if not cell["ts"]: return None return datetime.fromtimestamp(int(cell["ts"]), timezone(timedelta(seconds=int(cell["off"] or 0)))).isoformat(timespec="minutes") def _history(path, col4): href = _load(path) if not href.rstrip("/").endswith(path): return None # unknown registration redirects to /data/aircraft/ rows = [] for c in js(_ROWS_JS): # cells: 0 spacer, 1 date, 2 from, 3 to, 4 aircraft|flight, 5 flight time, 6 STD, 7 ATD, 8 STA, 9 colour, 10 status, 11 buttons ap = lambda x: {"iata": (x["link"] or "").strip("() ") or None, "name": x["title"]} r = {"date": c[1]["text"], "from": ap(c[2]), "to": ap(c[3]), "flight_time": None if c[5]["text"] in ("\u2014", "") else c[5]["text"], # site prints U+2014 for "none" "std": _t(c[6]), "atd": _t(c[7]), "sta": _t(c[8]), "status": (c[10]["prefix"] or "").strip() or c[10]["text"], "status_time": _t(c[10]), "fr24_id": c[11]["hex"]} if col4 == "aircraft": r["type"] = c[4]["text"].split("(")[0].strip() or None r["registration"] = (c[4]["link"] or "").strip("() ") or None else: r["flight"] = c[4]["link"] or c[4]["text"] rows.append(r) if not rows: return None # unknown flight number: HTTP 200, generic map title, empty table cap = js(r"(document.body.textContent.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').match(/More than \d+ days of .*? subscription\./) || [null])[0]") return {"title": _title(), "rows": rows, "cap_note": cap} def flight_history(number): """Every leg of a flight number the page shows: logged out, the last 7 days plus scheduled days ahead.""" return _history(f"/data/flights/{number.lower()}", "aircraft") def aircraft_history(reg): """Registration's info card plus its flights (logged out: last 7 days plus scheduled).""" h = _history(f"/data/aircraft/{reg.lower()}", "flight") if h: h["info"] = js(r"""(() => { const o = {}; for (const l of document.querySelectorAll('label')) { const s = l.parentElement.querySelector('span.details'), k = l.textContent.trim(); if (s && !(k in o)) o[k] = s.textContent.trim() || null; } return o; })()""") return h tab = cdp("Target.createTarget", url="about:blank", background=True)["targetId"] switch_tab(tab) try: cdp("Network.enable") cdp("Network.setBlockedURLs", urls=AD_BLOCK) RULES = _robots_rules() print("robots: /data/airports/lhr/arrivals ->", robots_allowed("/data/airports/lhr/arrivals"), "| /multiview/ ->", robots_allowed("/multiview/")) arr = board("LHR", "arrivals", earlier=1) print(arr["airport"]) print("today:", arr["stats"]["today"], "| live:", arr["stats"]["live"]) print(len(arr["flights"]), "arrivals", arr["flights"][0]["scheduled"], "->", arr["flights"][-1]["scheduled"]) for f in arr["flights"][:3]: print(" ", f["scheduled"], f["flight"], "from", f["other_airport"], f["type"], f["registration"], f["status"], f["estimated"], "codeshares", len(f["codeshares"])) dep = board("JFK", "departures", later=1) print(len(dep["flights"]), "JFK departures", dep["flights"][0]["scheduled"], "->", dep["flights"][-1]["scheduled"]) for f in dep["flights"][:2]: print(" ", f["scheduled"], f["flight"], "to", f["other_airport"], f["airline"], f["gate"], f["status"], f["estimated"]) landed = next(f for f in arr["flights"] if f["status"] == "landed" and f["registration"]) fh = flight_history(landed["flight"]) print(fh["title"], "|", len(fh["rows"]), "rows |", fh["cap_note"]) for r in fh["rows"][:12]: if r["atd"]: print(" ", r["date"], r["from"]["iata"], "->", r["to"]["iata"], r["type"], r["registration"], "STD", r["std"], "ATD", r["atd"], "|", r["status"], r["status_time"], r["fr24_id"]) ah = aircraft_history(landed["registration"]) print(ah["title"], "|", {k: ah["info"].get(k) for k in ("AIRCRAFT", "AIRLINE", "OPERATOR", "TYPE CODE", "MODE S")}) print(len(ah["rows"]), "rows |", ah["cap_note"]) for r in ah["rows"][:6]: print(" ", r["date"], r["flight"], r["from"]["iata"], "->", r["to"]["iata"], "STD", r["std"], "|", r["status"]) print("unknown:", flight_history("zz99999"), aircraft_history("zz-zzzz")) finally: close_tab(tab) ``` Output observed on 2026-11-04 (23:50 UTC, independent re-run in a fresh cloud browser): ```text robots: /data/airports/lhr/arrivals -> True | /multiview/ -> False {'name': 'London Heathrow Airport', 'iata': 'LHR', 'icao': 'EGLL', 'city': 'London', 'countryName': 'United Kingdom', 'timezone': 'Europe/London'} today: {'total': 646, 'delayed': 66, 'delayedPercentage': 0.1, 'cancelled': 3, 'cancelledPercentage': 0} | live: {'index': 0.4, 'averageDelayMin': 5, 'trend': 'static'} 200 arrivals 2026-11-04T19:30+00:00 -> 2026-11-05T08:05+00:00 2026-11-04T19:30+00:00 BA1487 from GLA A320 G-EUYE landed 2026-11-04T19:19+00:00 codeshares 7 2026-11-04T19:30+00:00 AI133 from BLR B788 VT-ANU landed 2026-11-04T18:05+00:00 codeshares 0 2026-11-04T19:35+00:00 BA557 from FCO A320 G-EUYX landed 2026-11-04T19:14+00:00 codeshares 1 194 JFK departures 2026-11-04T18:45-05:00 -> 2026-11-05T06:45-05:00 2026-11-04T18:45-05:00 DL4986 to MKE Delta Connection A21 estimated 2026-11-04T18:41-05:00 2026-11-04T18:45-05:00 B68373 to BOS JetBlue None estimated 2026-11-04T18:42-05:00 Flight history for British Airways flight BA1487 | 7 rows | More than 7 days of BA1487 history is available with an upgrade to a Silver (90 days), Gold (1 year), or Business (3 years) subscription. 04 Nov 2026 GLA -> LHR A320 G-EUYE STD 2026-11-04T18:10+00:00 ATD 2026-11-04T18:13+00:00 | Landed 2026-11-04T19:19+00:00 426e7feb 29 Oct 2026 GLA -> LHR A20N G-TTSD STD 2026-10-29T17:40+00:00 ATD 2026-10-29T17:41+00:00 | Landed 2026-10-29T18:38+00:00 42593833 G-EUYE - Airbus A320-232 - British Airways - Flightradar24 | {'AIRCRAFT': 'Airbus A320-232', 'AIRLINE': 'British Airways', 'OPERATOR': 'British Airways', 'TYPE CODE': 'A320', 'MODE S': '406091'} 36 rows | More than 7 days of G-EUYE history is available with an upgrade to a Silver (90 days), Gold (1 year), or Business (3 years) subscription. 05 Nov 2026 BA487 BCN -> LHR STD 2026-11-05T19:20+01:00 | Estimated departure 05 Nov 2026 BA486 LHR -> BCN STD 2026-11-05T15:15+00:00 | Estimated departure 05 Nov 2026 BA551 FCO -> LHR STD 2026-11-05T12:05+01:00 | Estimated departure 05 Nov 2026 BA550 LHR -> FCO STD 2026-11-05T07:35+00:00 | Estimated departure 04 Nov 2026 BA1487 GLA -> LHR STD 2026-11-04T18:10+00:00 | Landed 04 Nov 2026 BA1486 LHR -> GLA STD 2026-11-04T15:40+00:00 | Landed unknown: None None ``` Checked against the pages: board `estimatedTime` for landed BA1487 (1793819997 = 19:19 UTC) equals the "Landed" timestamp in its flight-history row, and for departed DL5106 at JFK (15:52 -05:00) equals the ATD in its history row, so on boards `estimated` is the actual time once a flight has departed or landed. The rendered LHR arrivals board contained all 100 flight numbers and 99 of 99 registrations from the JSON. ## Fields | Function | Source | Returned | |---|---|---| | `board(iata, kind, earlier, later)` | `data-page` JSON, `props.airport` / `props.statistics` / `props.flights` | `airport {name, iata, icao, city, countryName, timezone}`, `stats {live {index, averageDelayMin, trend}, yesterday/today/tomorrow {total, delayed, delayedPercentage, cancelled, cancelledPercentage}}`, `flights[]` sorted by scheduled time, deduped by id | | board flight | `props.flights[]` | `flight, callsign, airline, other_airport` (origin on arrivals, destination on departures), `other_city, scheduled, estimated` (airport-local ISO), `status` (seen: `scheduled, estimated, delayed, canceled, departed, landed`), `status_color` (seen: green/yellow/red/gray), `diverted_to, type, registration, gate, runway, codeshares[], live, fr24_id` | | `flight_history(number)` | `table#tbl-datatable tr.data-row` | `rows[] {date` (origin-local, as shown), `from {iata, name}, to {iata, name}, type, registration, flight_time` (h:mm, airborne legs only), `std, atd, sta` (ISO with that airport's offset), `status` (seen: `Scheduled, Estimated departure, Estimated, Landed`), `status_time, fr24_id}`, `title`, `cap_note` | | `aircraft_history(reg)` | same table plus the info card | rows as above with `flight` in place of `type`/`registration`; `info {AIRCRAFT, AIRLINE, OPERATOR, TYPE CODE, Code, MODE S, SERIAL NUMBER (MSN), AGE}` (MSN and AGE are locked logged out: `None`) | ## Gotchas - Board times come from unix seconds plus the airport's IANA timezone in `props.airport.timezone`; history times use each cell's own `data-offset`, so STD is origin time and STA destination time. - Read history cells with `textContent`, not `innerText`: on `/data/flights/...` the desktop cells (`hidden-xs hidden-sm`) gave empty `innerText` in a background tab, while the same code worked on `/data/aircraft/...`. `textContent` holds the server's 24 h time ("Landed 19:19"); the page's JS rewrites the visible text to 12 h ("Landed 7:19 PM"), which is why the block takes status from `data-prefix` and the time from `data-timestamp`. - LHR board statistics and first rows were identical in loads from 23:32 to 23:49 UTC (night curfew, few movements), while the JFK board changed between runs. `props.meta.dateModified` is the server's snapshot time (23:48:37 UTC on a 23:49 load); check it if freshness matters. - Unknown flight number: HTTP 200, generic map title, empty table; `flight_history` returns `None`. Unknown registration: redirect to `/data/aircraft/`; `aircraft_history` returns `None`. - Loaded around 23:30 to 23:50 UTC, the LHR board's first page started at 04:29 to 04:50 local the next morning (night curfew), so a board's "now" page can begin hours ahead; use `earlier=` for flights that already landed. - Ads: the first authoring tab, with ads on, stalled `Runtime.evaluate` past 5 s and the cloud daemon died. With the `AD_BLOCK` hosts blocked no load stalled again. `Network.setBlockedURLs` is per tab. - The flight page's own map loads `/aircraft-icons/sprite?...` (robots-disallowed) by itself; the block never reads those responses. - On a 403/429 or a challenge page the block raises `Blocked`. Stop; do not retry, change UA or switch IPs. ## What does not work - Plain HTTP to `/data/...`: 403. - More than about 12 h of board in each direction, more than 7 days of history, KML/CSV downloads, MSN and age: logged-in or paid features, not attempted. - `api.flightradar24.com` / `data-cloud.flightradar24.com` feeds: internal APIs, not used. --- BROWSER USE - Browser Use Agents: give Browser Use a task and receive completed work. API V4 is current for new integrations. - Browser Infrastructure: connect your agent or automation to managed browsers through SDK, REST, or CDP. Starts at $0.02/browser-hour. - Developer tools: Open Source, Browser Harness, SDK, and MCP support the two products above. 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